Genetic Engineering Escherichia Coli - 1789 Words

Genetic engineering is the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Bacteria possess plasmids which can be used as vectors for bacterial transformation. The plasmids can be altered to include donor DNA thus altering the physiological or physical characteristics of the bacterium. Escherichia coli have been found to be the most effective bacterium in genetic transformation and heterologous expression of human genes or proteins. It was hypothesised that Escherichia coli HB101 K12 could be transformed with a pGLO plasmid to express the genes encoded for green fluorescent protein (GFP), the bla gene for ampicillin resistance and the araC gene a regulatory protein in facilitating transcription and therefore the transformation efficiency for this bacteria could be calculated. Bacillus megaterium, E.coli B strain, Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus lactis will also be subjected to transformation with the pGLO plasmid to collect transformation efficiency data for comparison against Escherichia coli HB101 K12. Escherichia coli HB101 K12 were found to have been successfully transformed with a transformation efficiency falling within the transformation protocol of 8.0 x 102 and 7.0 x 103. The incidence of Escherichia coli HB101 K12 on the LB/amp and LB/amp/ara pGLO+ plates indicated that the bacterial colonies present showed resistance to the ampicillinShow MoreRelatedBearing Light On Gene Expression : Streamlining Light Controllable Escherichia Coli1041 Words   |  5 PagesBearing Light on Gene Expression: Streamlining Light Controllable Escherichia coli Two-Component Transduction Systems Antonio Torres November 16, 2014 Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology CHEM 4360/5383 Abstract Optogenetics is a rapidly evolving technology that, using a combination of optical methods and genetics, is capable of producing high resolution information on specific events of interest within biological systems, whether they be freely moving organisms or not (Diesseroth, 2011)Read MoreLara Guvelioglu. Bi 108 E2. Nahomie Rodriguez-Sastre. 04/13/17.1632 Words   |  7 PagesRodriguez-Sastre 04/13/17 Bacteria Escherichia coli’s Genetic Transformation Using Vector Plasmid DNA pGLO Abstract The field of biotechnology involves the concept of genetic engineering, altering the DNA/genetic material of an organism using information from a different one. The process in which bacteria can obtain this manipulated genetic information from another source is called genetic transformation. The goal of this experiment was to genetically transform Escherichia coli bacteria’s DNA by insertingRead MoreTransformation Of Escherichia Coli With pGLO Plasmid1560 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Transformation Of Escherichia Coli With pGLO Plasmid April 24, 2013 ABSTRACT: This experiment focuses on genetic engineering and transformation of bacteria. The characteristics of bacteria are altered from an external source to allow them to express a new trait, in this case antibiotic resistance. In is experiment foreign DNA is inserted into Escherichia coli in order to alter its phenotype. The goal of the experiment is to transform E. coli with pGLO plasmid, which carries a gene forRead MoreIs Biofuel A Good Option Since Its Low Pollution?1588 Words   |  7 Pagesthese years and still has a large space for development. It contains high energy and has low toxicity, the original method to produce butanol through biological engineering is using Clostridium acetobutylicum. However, due to the uncontrollable field of butanol from C. acetobutylicum, and the well-studied history of E. coli, the organism E. coli has been engineered to produce butanol. Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate, chose as the feedstock in the report is a kind of renewable material which has a largeRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effects On The Human Of The Alien Dna848 Words   |  4 Pagesown, usually from another organism, causing it to both inherit and express the genes of the alien DNA (Weedman, 2015). Transgenic transformation is used for a number of commercial purposes, from food crops to transgenic animals, the rise in genetic engineering has opened up a multitude of doors in the agricultural, as well as health and medical fields. Even the current epidemic with antibiotic resistant bacteria is due in part of this process (Weedman, 2015; Wheeler, Farrand, Widholm, 1991). InRead MoreTransformation Of Escherichia Bacteria And Dna1348 Words   |  6 PagesTransformation of Escherichia coli in different concentrations of Plasmid DNA Introduction This report discusses an experiment which students have to transform and plate competent Escherichia coli in different concentrations of plasmid DNA. This experiment uses four concentrations of plasmid DNA to perform four transformations. These concentrations are namely, 5  µl of distilled water, which acts as the control in this experiment; 2.5  µl of undiluted plasmid DNA; 1.0 µl of undiluted plasmid DNA; andRead MoreBacterial Transformation ( Escherichia Coli )1050 Words   |  5 Pages Bacterial Transformation (Escherichia coli) Kadian Jones Dr. F. Redway BIO 104- Lab 3 November 11, 2014 Introduction According to Medicine.net (2012), genetic transformation is a process by which the genetic material carried by an individual cell is altered by the incorporation of foreign/exogenous DNA into its genome. Competent cells are able to accept DNA presented by experimental influence or manipulation, and the application of genetic engineering with bacteria can aid in theRead MoreIdentifying An Unknown Bacterium Broth Culture1880 Words   |  8 Pagestyphimurium and Escherichia coli. The next test I did was a phenol red lactose (PRL) broth and a streak on an EMB plate, both incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees Celsius. The PRL broth changed from a bright red color to a yellow color with gas bubbles present, this indicated a colony of bacteria were present. Lastly, I observed the results of the EMB, and saw a shiny metallic green color on top of the colonies. According to my gram-negative chart, this indicated I had E. coli. Escherichia coli is a gram-negativeRead MoreEssay On Engineering E. Coli Cells1019 Words   |  5 PagesObjective: This study aims to use synthetic biology methods to engineer E. coli cells to target, invade, and deliver therapeutic agents to breast cancer tumor growths. Non-pathogentic E. coli strains will be engineered to express an artificial plasmid which allows for eukaryotic cell invasion. Bacterial cells will be further programmed with an AND logic gate allowing for specificity for breast cancer cell invasion. Finally, E. coli cells will express a dual plasmid system to control population growthRead MoreEssay on Bacteria and Viruses1259 Words   |  6 Pagesthat are good, such as the ways that make cheese and yogurt, or clean up oil spills. They may also be commensals, such as Escherichia coli. The positive effects of viruses are less obvious. Viruses can function as vaccines for similar but more harmful diseases, be scientifically interesting and broaden our understanding of biology, or have applications in genetic engineering as transfer vectors (â€Å"Gene transfer vector†, 1999.) This is because of the way that viruses infect cells and replicate. Viruses

Fallibilism and the Justified Deduction Principle

Information is one of the concepts that may be measured, evaluated, stored, and shared, but does this have the same connotation as knowledge. Even though these two notions are used interchangeably in most cases, it is difficult to see the difference without having sufficient ground for this. How can one state that justified true belief is knowledge? This problem was deeply examined by a German philosopher Edmund Gettier who explained the difference and provided significant evidence for questioning everything, as Descartes did. Explanations by Gettier are intricate and more related to the true or false correlation between something that a person believes to be the true and something that prevents him or her to think so. Edmund Gettier took the topic of justification and knowledge to the next level with his philosophical Gettier’s Problem. The Gettier Problem’s counterexamples is dependent on two principles, Fallibilism and the Justified Deduction Principle. The principle of Fallibilism is based off the belief that a person has the potential to be justified in believing a false statement while the Justified Deduction Principle entails that if a person has evidence to back up a certain claim, that person is justified to trust that claim. As these two principles highlight the Gettier Problem, it becomes clear that Edmund Gettier opposes the ‘Justified-True-Belief as knowledge’ concept. The only thing remains clear is when one person has some justified evidence for believing inShow MoreRelatedThe Gettier Problem: A Marathon Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate. Though our understanding of knowledge is ambiguous, we do know that knowledge is justified, true belief. There have been attempts to answer the queries through the Justified-True-Belief Account of Knowledge (JTB), known to have been credited by Plato. According to the theory, knowledge is explained in some manner or way, a proposition known can’t be false, and the proposition must be accepted. The justified-true-belief account of knowledge, though, is considered to be a definition of knowledgeRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pagesbut was a natural law operating in nature and human society. Not only was competition in harmony with nature, but it was also in the interest of the general welfare and progress. Social Darwinism, or Spencerism, became a total view of life which justified opposition to social reform on the basis that reform interfered with the operation of the natural law of survival of the fittest. Spencer visited the United States in 1882 and was much impressed by what he observed on a triumphal tour. He prophetically

Price Elasticity of Demand Modeling-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.As a producer, why is it important to consider the price elasticity of demand of your product when setting the price you are going to charge? 2.Explain the difference between Comparative advantage an absolute advantage. Answers: Price elasticity of demand (PED) helps producers understand the impact of price responsiveness of consumers on profit and total revenue yielded from sales. Depending on the responses made by consumers for one unit change in price, sellers design their pricing strategy. Profit maximization theory under monopoly market and diagrammatical relation between PED and total revenue have been applied here to determine how PED influences the producers in the market with respect to the prices they opt to charge. Total revenue and profit maximization are two broad concerns of producer that stem from changes in price charged by him. According to the theory, PED depicts the percentage change in quantity demanded by the consumer to the percentage change in the price ( Rios Brue, 2013). Ed = ; - Ed 0 Based on general consumer behavior kinds of PED observed and their subsequent impact on total revenue are discussed below: Perfectly Price Inelastic: Quantity demanded is unchanged for unit price change implying Ed=0. In such case total revenue (TR) increases as producer is able to sell same quantity like before but at hiked price and TR decreases for one unit fall in price Medicine can be one good example where no matter what is the hike or fall in price people will buy the same amount (Thimmapuram Kim, 2013). Relatively Price Inelastic: In this case since -1 Ed 0 , unit hike in price would cause demand to fall less than one unit leading to hike in TR and vice-versa. Unitary Price Elastic: Here Ed=-1 implying percentage of change in demand the same amount of the percentage change in price. TR remains unaffected as the price and quantity change cancels out each other. Relatively price Elastic: Here - Ed -1 which means if price increases by one unit then quantity demanded falls by more than one unit yielding declining TR and vice-versa for fall in price (Dixon et. al, 2012). Perfectly Price Elastic: Ed= -indicating any miniscule change in price would make the numerator infinite dropping to Q=0 (in case of price hike) and vice-versa. Since consumers will totally cut the purchase no TR is obtained hence TR=0. Fig-1 Relation Between PRICE Elasticity of Demand and Total revenue Coming to the Monopoly market where P MR suggests that producer enjoys discretion over market force in order to set final price. A monopoly seller produces optimum if MR=MC, that is the additional amount producer receives for one unit increase in the sale of a good must have to be equal to the cost made to produce such. Now, MR=P (1+1/ Ed) Or, MC= P (1+1/ Ed) Or, P=MC ( For perfectly inelastic demand scenario Ed = = 0 implying indicating infinite power of the monopolist to charge any price he wants. Contrast t this is perfectly elastic demand where he has no power over price since leading to P=MC, a competitive market case. In case of relative inelastic demand PMC where producer has some discretion to charge higher price since consumer responses less to the price change. Comparatively relatively elastic demand on the other hand leads to PMC indicating more response to the price change. From the above analysis it is evident how price responsiveness of the consumers measured by PED affects the total revenue that is acquired by the producers. Analysis of monopoly market gives a clear existence of the relation of pricing with that of PED. In order to extract higher total revenue and higher profit by setting price at the higher level than competitive market price level, producers should target the goods that have perfect or relative price inelasticity. 2.The concepts of absolute and comparative advantage are of intriguing importance in order to explain the driving factors behind international trade. Resources and endowments of nations differ with respect different geographical, demographical, political and economic factors. Not only the availability of resources but also the productivity and applicability of resources differ country to country. Divergence in the resource productivity is reflected in the diversity of production volumes among nations and all these bring forth the importance of specialized production and trade (Levchenko Zhang, 2016). According to David Ricardo who propounded the Comparative Advantage notion, it is better for the interest of two countries to produce not all goods but produce the one in which it has lower opportunity cost of production and involve in free trade. It should export the good produced in return of importing the good it has higher opportunity cost from another nation. Having comparative advantage in producing X implies that the amount of Y production forgone is less in order to increase one unit X production. The concept involves two country, two goods and two inputs labor and capital (Schumacher, 2012).. On the other hand, absolute advantage indicates the capability a nation has for producing a good at higher volume given both nations have same resources. This theory as developed by Adam Smith, focuses only on labor as input and describes the difference in labor productivity as the driving factor behind trade between nations. Required Labor Hours Per Unit of Production Before Specialization COUNTRY X Y A 80 120 B 100 90 Table-1 Country A requires less labor hours for one unit production of good X than Country B implies it has absolute advantage in X production. Similarly Country B has absolute advantage n Y production. If both countries focus on production of only the goods in which it has absolute advantage and trade it for the other good then they can consume both the goods in more amounts at cheaper price compared to autarkic condition Required Labor Hours Per Unit of Production After Specialization COUNTRY X UNIT PRODUCED ( X) Y UNIT PRODUCED (Y) A 80+120 2.5 0 0 B 0 0 90+100 1.9 Table-2 References Dixon, P. B., Bowles, S., Kendrick, D., Taylor, L., Roberts, M. (2012).Notes and problems in microeconomic theory(Vol. 15). Elsevier. Levchenko, A. A., Zhang, J. (2016). The evolution of comparative advantage: Measurement and welfare implications.Journal of Monetary Economics,78, 96-111. Rios, M. C., McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L. (2013). Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Schumacher, R. (2012). Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage and the use of doxography in the history of economics.Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics,5(2), 54-80. Thimmapuram, P. R., Kim, J. (2013). Consumers' price elasticity of demand modeling with economic effects on electricity markets using an agent-based model.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,4(1), 390-397

Nursing Study Guide free essay sample

Health Resource Commission  provides grant funding to health departments and safety net providers who seek to provide improved access to primary care services 1. Accomplishments of some historical PHNs and Public Health leaders, See list in module one. ? Lillian Wald- founder of public health nursing , founded the Henry Street Settlement with her classmate and business partner Mary Brewster in 1893. The service began as a health promotion effort, teaching methods to prevent infectious disease, sanitation and nutrition to a group of poor immigrants ? Florence Nightingale- changed the image of nursing after the Crimean War when she reduced mortality from 77% to 2%. Nightingale also played a significant role in establishing district nursing ? Mary Brewster- acute and long term care for the sick and health promotion and disease prevention ? Lina Rogers Clara Barton- Founded red cross Ada Mayo Stewart- Occupational Health Leader Pearl Mciver- 1st nurse employed by USPHS Loretta Ford Rear Admiral Carol Romano Ruth Freeman- PH nurse, educator, and leader 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Study Guide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What are the Core Functions of Public Health? * Assessment:  systematic data collection on the population, monitoring he population’s health status, and making information available about the health of the community. * Policy Development:  efforts to develop policies that support the health of the population, including a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions. * Assurance:  making sure essential community- oriented health services are available. These services might include providing essential personal health services for those who would otherwise not receive them. Also includes making sure that a competent public health and personal care workforce is available.